| Q.1- | Is punishment defined by IPC? |
| Ans.- | No. IPC enumerates kinds of offences. |
| Q.2- | Define punishment according to Sutherland? |
| Ans.- | Punishment involves pain or suffering produced by design and justified by some value that the suffering is assumed to have. |
| Q.3- | What is meaning of punishment? |
| Ans.- | Punishment is the deliberate infliction of physical harm on an offender or his property without his consent because he is an offender, but for reasons other than self-defence. |
| Q.4- | Three components of punishment. |
| Ans.- | Ø Punishment is a measure adopted and enforced by the State.
Ø Punishment or the limits of punishment are stipulated in advance by the State. Ø Punishment is generally believed to be directly enforced on each individual personally. |
| Q.5- | What are the main objects of the punishment? |
| Ans.- | State is intended to achieve are deterrence, prevention, retribution, reformation and restoration |
| Q.6- | What is retributive theory? |
| Ans.- | Retributive theory says to return the same injury to the wrongdoer, which he had committed against the victim. It says “tit for tat”. The retributive theory had its day and is no longer valid in India. |
| Q.7- | What is aim and object of preventive theory? |
| Ans.- | Preventive theory punishes the offenders, to prevent the future crime in the society, by isolating the criminals from society |
| Q.8- | What is goal of reformative theory? |
| Ans.- | This theory claims that a criminal can be reformed into a good citizen as law-abider by giving him competent treatment during his imprisonment period. |
| Q.9- | What are the changes made in section 53? |
| Ans.- | Whipping was removed in 1948 and ‘transportation for life’ was converted into ‘imprisonment for life’ in 1955. |
| Q.10- | What is meaning of ‘imprisonment for life’? |
| Ans.- | Ordinarily, ‘imprisonment for life’ means imprisonment for remaining life of the convict but section 57 states that for the purpose of computation of ‘imprisonment for life’ it should be read for ‘20 years’. Further section 55 empowers the appropriate government to reduce the sentence for any period up to 14 years. |